Do you have strace/ltrace/latrace installed? I would recommend installing those and running those programs that are malfunctioning through those tools, to see what libraries/system calls it makes, and probably see something about what/where it fails. (You can either launch those processes from the command line under {s/l/la}trace, or attach {s/l/la}trace to existing processes if you know their PIDs.) If the file corrupted is some low-end library, you may need to get statically compiled versions of the aforementioned to have them work right...